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Fig. 5 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 5

From: Sexually antagonistic selection on genetic variation underlying both male and female same-sex sexual behavior

Fig. 5

Genetic covariances between the assayed traits based on selection line means in males (full ellipses) and females (hatched ellipses). Confidence ellipses are fitted to data from male selection lines plotted above, and female selection lines plotted below, the diagonal. Corresponding trait covariances are matched for color to ease comparisons of sex-specific covariances across male and female selection lines. There was more genetic (co)variance in SSB and the correlated traits for males when sex-limited artificial selection was applied on males (above diagonal: full ellipses > hatched ellipses), and for females when selection was applied on females (below diagonal: hatched ellipses > full ellipses), implying that sex-limited genes underlie SSB in C. maculatus. Panels containing covariances between the three behavioral traits and LRS inform about selection on the traits and are highlighted by red framing. The respective P-value for a sex:trait interaction in linear regressions of LRS on each trait, which if significant signifies sexually antagonistic selection, is given in each panel (see text for more details). Notably, both locomotor activity (orange panels), and male perception (purple panel above diagonal), show SA genetic covariance with LRS, suggesting ongoing IaSC over genes encoding SSB in C. maculatus. Note that male perception was scored only in males and is correlated across sexes for the female data below the diagonal. Because male trait values were an order of magnitude greater than female trait values for locomotor activity and same-sex mounting, all traits were mean centered and variance standardized for each sex separately before plotting

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