Fig. 2
The λmax-shifts generated by various mutations. The lengths of arrows represent the λmax-shifts and filled circles indicate that no λmax-shift occurred. Red and black arrows show the mutational effects of ancestral and present-day UV pigments, respectively, whereas blue arrows indicate those of violet pigments. The different λmax-shifts of bovine mutants with Y86F have been evaluated by using dark spectra [84] and dark–light spectra [92] and only the former result is shown. AncBird*-393 is identical to AncSauropsid-360 with mutations F49V/F86S/L116V/S118A