Fig. 2

Evolutionary conservation of two copies of hsc70-4 within Hymenoptera, but both copies harbor an extraordinary amount of diversity in cis-regulatory HSEs. Relationships of homologous hsc70-4 were reconstructed with PhyML for 17 insect species (rooted on A. pisum) using a JTT substitution model with 1000 bootstrap replicates (>90 bootstrap support indicated; left). Branches of the outgroup taxa are colored in blue, while well-supported paralogues of Hymenopteran branches are colored in orange (h1) and red (h2). Statistically significant episodes of positive selection identified with Branch-Rel are indicated along the branch(+ corresponds to p < 0.05; * = p < 0.01; ** = p < 0.001). Cis-regulatory HSE elements in the promoter region spanning 570 bps from the transcription start site (TSS; right side) are mapped onto the phylogeny and are annotated by their length and motif type