Fig. 1

Evolutionary gains and losses in hsp83 within Hymenoptera, followed by diversification in cis-regulatory HSEs. Relationships of homologous hsp83 were reconstructed with PhyML for 17 insect species (rooted with A. pisum) using a JTT substitution model with 1000 bootstrap replicates (>90 bootstrap support indicated; left). Branches of the outgroup taxa are colored in blue and black, while well-supported paralogues of Hymenopteran branches are colored in orange (h1) and red (h2). Statistically significant episodic diversifying selection using Branch-Rel is indicated along the branch (+ corresponds to p < 0.05; * = p < 0.01; ** = p < 0.001). Cis-regulatory HSEs in the promoter region spanning 400 bps from the transcription start site (TSS; right) are mapped onto the phylogeny and are annotated by their length and motif type