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Table 3 Parameter estimates and relative likelihoods for models of mean-of-logs body size incorporating within-terminal standard error

From: Phylogenetic analyses suggest that diversification and body size evolution are independent in insects

Clade

Model

Sigma squared

z0

a/ delta/alpha/lambda

LnLik

k

AICc

Delta AiCc from optimal model

Akaike weights

Hexapoda

BM

0.002403

1.749

 

−779.4

2

1562.7

21.031

0.00003

 

EB

0.002404

1.748

−1e-06*

−779.4

3

1564.7

23.051

0.00001

 

delta

0.002196

1.766

1.129

−779.1

3

1564.3

22.627

0.00001

 

SSP

0.002666

1.764

0.000591

−778.0

3

1562.1

20.434

0.00004

 

lambda

0.001957

1.759

0.92093

−767.8

3

1541.7

0

0.9991

 

WN

0.8985

1.946

 

−1057.3

2

2118.7

576.99

0.0000

Holometabola

BM

0.002726

1.846

 

−515.4

2

1034.8

17.571

0.0002

 

EB

0.002727

1.846

−1e-06*

−515.4

3

1036.9

19.600

0.0001

 

delta

0.001787

1.802

1.881

−511.2

3

1028.5

11.265

0.0035

 

SSP

0.003613

1.830

0.001923

−510.7

3

1027.4

10.170

0.0061

 

lambda

0.002138

1.845

0.89028

−505.6

3

1017.3

0

0.9901

 

WN

0.6498

1.803

 

−611.9

2

1227.8

210.52

0.0000

Paraneoptera

BM

0.001469

1.132

 

−117.0

2

238.2

0

0.3939

 

EB

0.001518

1.130

−0.000111

−117.0

3

240.3

2.094

0.1382

 

delta

0.001559

1.119

0.9031

−117.0

3

240.1

1.9781

0.1465

 

SSP

0.001469

1.132

0.00

−117.0

3

240.3

2.0983

0.1379

 

lambda

0.001368

1.139

0.9343

−116.7

3

239.7

1.5276

0.1835

 

WN

0.5961

1.531

 

−147.4

2

299.0

60.78

0.0000

Polyneoptera

BM

0.002121

2.759

 

−66.26

2

136.7

0.1955

0.2922

 

EB

0.002121

2.759

−1e-06*

−66.26

3

138.9

2.3961

0.0972

 

delta

0.001389

2.822

2.186

−65.06

3

136.5

0

0.3221

 

SSP

0.003247

2.812

0.002286

−65.60

3

137.6

1.081

0.1876

 

lambda

0.002005

2.765

0.9636

−66.22

3

138.8

2.334

0.1003

 

WN

0.5465

3.045

 

−72.66

2

149.5

12.99

0.0005

Palaeoptera

BM

0.001485

2.918

 

−40.18

2

84.58

0

0.3195

 

EB

0.002088

2.917

−0.001169

−40.06

3

86.57

1.991

0.1181

 

delta

0.002322

2.938

0.5462

−39.51

3

85.46

0.8857

0.2052

 

SSP

0.001485

2.918

0.00

−40.18

3

86.80

2.226

0.1050

 

lambda

0.00119

2.928

0.8993

−39.30

3

85.05

0.4729

0.2522

 

WN

0.7646

3.060

 

−74.55

2

153.3

68.73

0.0000

Entognatha

BM

0.002414

1.074

 

−15.71

2

36.75

0

0.5003

 

EB

0.01257

1.048

−0.006225

−15.16

3

39.31

2.561

0.1390

 

delta

0.002921

1.070

0.6378

−15.58

3

40.16

3.407

0.0911

 

SSP

0.002414

1.074

0.00

−15.71

3

40.42

3.667

0.0800

 

lambda

0.002414

1.074

1

−15.71

3

40.42

3.667

0.0800

 

WN

1.0335

0.888

 

−17.23

2

39.79

3.035

0.1097

  1. Models and relevant parameters are denoted as follows: BM: Brownian motion (Sigma squared: ML estimate of rate of the underlying size evolution, z0: ML estimate of value for the root state); EB: Early burst model (a: exponential rate scale for relationship through time); Delta: Pagel’s delta rate change through time model (delta: tree scaling parameter); SSP: Single stable peak Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model with centralizing tendency towards an optimum (alpha: strength of central attraction); lambda; Pagel’s lambda measuring deviation of inter-tip covariance matrix from expectations of BM (lambda: multiplication factor applied to the off-diagonal covariance matrix elements maximizing similarity to BM); WN: white noise non-phylogenetic model with all data drawn from a common distribution. Also given are log likelihood values of the observed data (LnLik), number of parameters (k) and AICc values, deviation from optimal model (Delta AiCc), and Akaike weights. Models in bold are the favoured models, either by virtue of lowest AICc scores or are those with fewest parameters within 2 AICc units of the lowest AICc scores. *denotes parameters estimated at the bounds placed on the optimization procedure i.e. their actual values may be smaller than given
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BMC Ecology and Evolution

ISSN: 2730-7182

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