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Table 3 Detection of rapid expansion events with the mismatch distribution analysis

From: Estimating the molecular evolutionary rates of mitochondrial genes referring to Quaternary ice age events with inferred population expansions and dispersals in Japanese Apodemus

Species

Marker

Cluster

SSD (P-value)

r (P-value)

Ï„

t (k years)*

μ (/site/myr)

A. argenteus

Cytb

Ia-1

0.002 (P = 0.25)

0.045 (P = 0.84)

2.55

7

16.0 %

      

10

11.2 %

      

15

7.5 %

 

CR

Ia-1

0.0001 (P = 0.99)

0.022 (P = 0.84)

2.48

7

31.7 %

      

10

22.2 %

      

15

14.8 %

A. speciosus

Cytb

IIa-1

0.002 (P = 0.7)

0.026 (P = 0.78)

2.730

7

17.1 %

      

10

12.0 %

      

15

8.0 %

 

Cytb

IIa ex_IIa-1

0.067 (P = 0.015)

0.125 (P = 0.03)

8.57

60

6.3 %

      

130

2.9 %

 

Cytb

I

0.003 (P = 0.63)

0.006 (P = 0.69)

9.19

60

6.7 %

      

130

3.1 %

 

CR

IIa-1

0.002 (P = 0.57)

0.057 (P = 0.35)

1.88

7

24.2 %

      

10

16.9 %

      

15

11.3 %

 

CR

IIa ex_IIa-1

0.004 (P = 0.87)

0.013 (P = 0.94)

7.97

60

11.9 %

      

130

5.6 %

 

CR

I

0.004 (P = 0.38)

0.016 (P = 0.25)

8.52

60

12.8 %

      

130

5.9 %

  1. SSD sum of squared deviation, r Harpending’s raggedness index, τ expansion parameter, t time (in years) after expansion, μ evolutionary rate (per site per million years)
  2. *The t values for the predicted relatively recent expansion event of the Hokkaido populations were set to 7,000 and 10,000 years ago based on the time frame of the recovery of the broadleaf forests in Hokkaido [19]. In addition, the possibility of expansion (15,000 years ago) immediately after the end of the LGM was also taken into account [19]