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Table 3 Best-approximating home range and group size predictive models: fixed effects parameter estimates from best-approximating linear mixed-effects kinship models incorporating phylogenetic and within-species variance-covariance fit by maximum likelihood for: a) HR (residual error = 0.113) and b) GS (residual error: 0.045). Model fitting incorporates both fixed and random effects in parameter estimates

From: Identifying environmental versus phylogenetic correlates of behavioural ecology in gibbons: implications for conservation management of the world’s rarest ape

Coefficient

Estimate

SE

z-value

P-value

a) HR

 (Intercept)

1.03

0.22

4.66

<0.0001

 Group density

−0.14

0.04

−3.19

0.001

 Mating system (1 = polygyny)

0.30

0.11

2.58

0.010

 Group size

0.99

0.40

2.49

0.013

b) GS

 (Intercept)

0.98

0.18

5.55

<0.0001

 Mating system (1 = polygyny)

0.22

0.03

6.85

<0.0001

 Annual precipitation

−0.16

0.06

−2.96

0.003

 Annual mean temperature

0.005

0.003

1.59

0.110

  1. P-values <0.05 are shown in bold