Fig. 2

Relationships of Stevardiinae based on previous molecular studies. Phylogenetic relationships among major groups of characid and stevardiin fishes according to molecular analyses by (a) Calcagnotto et al. [7], (b) Javonillo et al. [10] and (c) Oliveira et al. [12]. Black branches and names indicate Stevardiinae taxa. The black circle on the internal branches indicates the synapomorphic loss of the supraorbital bone in (a) and (b), a diagnostic character for Characidae sensu Oliveira et al. [12]. Asterisks (*) indicate taxa with inseminating strategy