Table 1 Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) comparing structure in groups (Northwest, Northeast, Southeast) as defined based on mtDNA phylogeny

Among groups

0.52 (Φ_CT)

<0.0001

0.02 (Φ_CT)

<0.0001

Among populations within groups

0.75 (Φ_SC)

<0.0001

0.36 (Φ_SC)

<0.0001

Among all populations

0.88 (Φ_ST)

<0.0001

0.37 (Φ_ST)

<0.0001

Among SE group populations

0.63 (Φ_ST)

<0.0001

0.32 (Φ_ST)

<0.0001

Among NE group populations

0.89 (Φ_ST)

<0.0001

0.18 (Φ_ST)

<0.0001

Among NW group populations

0.43 (Φ_ST)

0.0391

0.64 (Φ_ST)

0.0049