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Table 1 Results of taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses for a sample of 22 angiosperm families

From: Salt tolerance is evolutionarily labile in a diverse set of angiosperm families

Order

Family

Family size

Known Halophytes

Halophytes in family (%)

Taxonomic pattern

Family subtree size

Species in subtree (%)

Halophytes in subtree

Halophytes in subtree (%)

Halophytes sampled in subtree (%)

Inferred origins

NoTO

NoTO (p)

SSCD (p)

Apiales

Apiaceae

3780

33

0.9

 

1082

28.6

26

2.4

78.8

22

1.2

0.00

0.00

Arecales

Arecaceae

2361

35

1.5

more

415

17.6

19

4.6

54.3

15

1.3

0.06

0.00

Asterales

Asteraceae

23600

267

1.1

 

4618

19.6

97

2.1

36.3

87

1.1

0.00

0.00

-

Goodeniaceae

430

6

1.4

 

69

16.0

6

8.7

100

6

1.0

0.09

0.01

Brassicales

Brassicaceae

3710

38

1.0

 

1355

36.5

21

1.5

55.3

19

1.1

0.00

0.00

Caryophyllales

Amaranthaceae

2275

507

22.3

more

613

26.9

262

42.7

51.7

54

4.9

0.16

0.00

-

Tamaricaceae

90

55

61.1

more

42

46.7

29

69.0

52.7

1

29.0

1.00

1.00

Cucurbitales

Cucurbitaceae

960

14

1.5

 

247

25.7

9

3.6

64.3

8

1.1

0.14

0.02

Ericales

Primulaceae

2590

14

0.5

fewer

546

21.1

8

1.5

57.1

5

1.6

0.65

0.55

Fagales

Casuarinaceae

95

12

12.6

more

88

92.6

12

13.6

100

7

1.7

0.46

0.08

Gentianales

Rubiaceae

13150

13

0.1

fewer

1393

10.6

7

0.5

53.8

7

1.0

0.09

0.01

Lamiales

Acanthaceae

4000

18

0.5

fewer

498

12.5

9

1.8

50.0

5

1.8

0.75

0.54

-

Lamiaceae

7173

27

0.4

fewer

941

13.1

14

1.5

51.9

11

1.3

0.14

0.05

Malpighiales

Euphorbiaceae

5735

42

0.7

fewer

1047

18.3

16

1.5

38.1

14

1.1

0.03

0.00

-

Rhizophoraceae

149

19

12.8

more

40

26.8

18

45.0

94.7

6

3.0

0.52

0.71

Myrtales

Combretaceae

500

12

2.4

more

25

5.0

8

32.0

66.7

6

1.3

0.23

0.25

-

Lythraceae

620

21

3.4

more

119

19.2

14

11.8

66.7

8

1.8

0.53

0.46

-

Myrtaceae

4620

47

1.0

 

612

13.2

20

3.3

42.6

19

1.1

0.00

0.00

Poales

Cyperaceae

5430

121

2.2

more

1087

20.0

57

5.2

47.1

52

1.1

0.00

0.00

-

Juncaceae

430

22

5.1

more

124

28.8

12

9.7

54.5

8

1.5

0.31

0.45

-

Poaceae

11160

335

3.0

more

2291

20.5

173

7.6

51.6

127

1.4

0.00

0.00

Rosales

Rosaceae

2520

9

0.4

fewer

1010

40.1

8

0.8

88.9

8

1.0

0.05

0.05

  1. Family and order names are based on APG III [48]. Family size is the mean estimated number of species in the family reported on the APG III website [49]. The halophytes column lists the number of known halophytes species in each family. Family subtree size represents the number of taxa in the phylogenetic tree used for analysis, and halophytes in subtree is the number of known halophytes included in each family subtree. The halophytes sampled in subtree represents the percent of known halophytes that are present in each family subtree. The taxonomic pattern column identifies families with more or fewer halophytes than expected by chance based on the taxonomic analysis (see Methods). The results of the metrics used to distinguish evolutionary patterns of salt tolerance are presented. For the number of tips per origin (NoTO), p-values represent whether the average number of halophytes arising from each inferred gain of salt tolerance is smaller expected under Brownian motion (p < 0.05). For the sum of sister clade differences (SSCD), p-values represent whether halophytes are less clustered than expected under Brownian motion (p < 0.05). Test statistics that are significantly different to the null model are presented in bold. Significant results for Tamaricaceae are italicized to highlight that this is the only significantly conserved pattern of salt tolerance, where significantly more tips per gain and a significantly smaller SSCD
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BMC Ecology and Evolution

ISSN: 2730-7182

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