Figure 1

Schematic drawings representing known reproductive modes in Leptodactylinae. Mode 11 includes species that produce floating foam nests in ponds with exotrophic tadpoles; Mode 13 also presents exotrophic tadpoles, but with foam nests placed in water accumulated in constructed basins; Mode 30 groups species that have foam nests that are placed inside a subterranean chamber and after a period of development, the tadpoles float to the bodies of water; Mode 32 is the most terrestrial one, with endotrophic tadpoles (developing entirely in subterranean chambers using only the yolk as a source of energy). Illustrated by Vinícius Yano.