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Table 4 Procrustes distances between taxon means for first lumbar vertebra shape

From: The ancestral shape hypothesis: an evolutionary explanation for the occurrence of intervertebral disc herniation in humans

 

Pathological humans

Orangutans

Chimpanzees

Healthy humans

0.0303

0.0779

0.0367

p = 0.004*

p < 0.0001*

p = 0.0004*

Chimpanzees

0.0161

0.0458

 

p = 0.4590

p = 0.0001*

 

Orangutans

0.0549

  

p < 0.0001*

  
  1. *indicates significant value.