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Table 3 Results of pairwise MANOVAs for T12/T13 vertebrae on PCs 1 through 6, which collectively represent 93.5% of the total shape variance

From: The ancestral shape hypothesis: an evolutionary explanation for the occurrence of intervertebral disc herniation in humans

 

Pathological humans

Orangutans

Chimpanzees

Healthy humans

λ 0.745 F = 3.762 p = 0.005*

λ 0.374 F = 11.362 p < 0.0001*

λ 0.728 F = 3.804 p = 0.005*

Chimpanzees

λ 0.986 F = 0.164 p = 0.975

λ 0.537 F = 6.377 p < 0.0001*

 

Orangutans

λ 0.668 F = 4.077 p < 0.004*

  
  1. *indicates significant value.