Figure 3

Cervid bone tissue and growth marks. Increasing femoral vascularisation (a-c) accompanied by increasing body size in a) juvenile Procervulus specimen BSPG 1937 II 23227, medial cortex (xpl; scale bar, 0.5 mm), b) adult Dama specimen ZIUK 9630, medial cortex (xpl; scale bar, 1 mm), and c) adult Megaloceros specimen NMING: F21306/13 under plane polarised light, anterior cortex (ppl, scale bar 1 mm). Note the low amount of vascularisation in the fibrolamellar bone of the juvenile Procervulus. Occurrence of LAGs indicated by black/white arrows and the outer circumferential layer by white brackets. Numbers indicate growth zones. Bone surfaces at the top, medullary cavities at bottom left. d) Tibia of adult Candiacervus sp. II (PIMUZ A/V 5222) showing Haversian bone in the inner part of the posterior cortex (bright area) and plexiform fibrolamellar bone in the middle part (lpl; scale bar, 1 mm). Occurrence of LAGs indicated by white arrows. Bone surface at top right, medullary cavity at bottom left. e) Radiating fibrolamellar bone in a metacarpal of adult Megaloceros giganteus (NMING:F22534/4, xpl; scale bar, 0.5 mm). f) First phalange of perinatal Candiacervus sp. II (PIMUZ A/V 5216) showing reticular vascularisation of mainly woven-fibred bone (xpl; scale bar, 0.2 mm).