Figure 1

Proportional representation of 4,593 lepidopteran fossils categorized by preservational type, abundance, age, and associated locality, documented in Sohn et al. [ 32 ]. (A), Proportional representation of preservational types in the lepidopteran body-fossil record (N = 4,262). (B), Proportional representation of trace-fossil types in the lepidopteran fossil record (N = 331). (C), Frequency distribution of lepidopteran body and trace fossils (N = 4,561) by geochronologic age, preservational type, abundance, and number (N = 145) of lepidopteran-bearing localities. The age of Baltic Amber is taken as middle Eocene, discussed in Labandeira [74], and the overall geochronology is after Gradstein et al. [36], indicated by the scale bar at bottom, in millions of years. Abbreviations: Mid, Middle; Pal, Paleocene; Olig., Oligocene; Pl, Pliocene; the Pleistocene + Holocene occurs to the right of the Pliocene.