Table 2 PGLS models of the effect of colony size and nest site on paternity traits across 22 Vespine taxa

λ = ML

Relatedness (r)

log ₁₀ ( size ) +

0.67^{(0.3, 0.86)}

nest site

0.46^{(0.01, 0.76)}

Paternity frequency (k)

log ₁₀ ( size ) +

0.67^{(0.31, 0.86)}

nest site

0.33^{(−0.15, 0.68)}

Paternity skew (B ⁻¹)

log ₁₀ ( size ) +

0.72^{(0.31, 0.91)}

nest site

0.17^{(−0.40, 0.64)}

Relatedness (r)

k +

0.85^{(0.58, 0.95)}

B ⁻¹

0.61^{(0.11, 0.86)}

λ = upper 95% CI

Relatedness (r)

log ₁₀ ( size ) +

0.58^{(0.16, 0.82)}

nest site

0.29^{(−0.20, 0.66)}

Paternity frequency (k)

log ₁₀ ( size ) +

0.63^{(0.25, 0.85)}

nest site

0.15^{(−0.33,0.57)}

Paternity skew (B ⁻¹)

log₁₀(size)^d +

0.49^{(−0.05, 0.81)}

nest site

0.06^{(−0.49, 0.58)}

Relatedness (r)

k +

0.85^{(0.58, 0.95)}

B ⁻¹

0.61^{(0.11, 0.86)}