Colony size is linked to paternity frequency and paternity skew in yellowjacket wasps and hornets

Table 1 Summary data from paternity analysis of five Vespula species

	Site	Year	n _c	n _w	k	k _e	k _e3	B	# W	NDE
V. acadica	WA	2008-2013	10	19.9 (19, 20)	2.00 (1.42, 2.58)	1.47 (1.17, 1.98)	1.51 (1.18, 2.08)	0.044	-	4.7e-4^a (1.3e-3)^b
V. atropilosa	WA	2008-2013	10	20.1 (19, 23)	2.40 (1.80, 3.00)	1.67 (1.37, 2.14)	1.72 (1.39, 2.26)	0.10	-	2.5e-3^a (1.3e-2)^b
V. consobrina	WA	20082013	12	20.4 (18, 24)	2.83 (2.00, 3.66)	1.82 (1.43, 2.50)	1.89 (1.46, 2.68)	0.069	98 (52.0)	8.0e-6
V. vidua	NY	2012-2013	10	19.8 (18, 21)	3.00 (2.12, 3.88)	2.01 (1.62, 2.67)	2.12 (1.67, 2.90)	0.056	172 (103.3)	1.7e-5^a (4.1e-5)^b
V. flavopilosa	NY	2012-2013	10	19.6 (18, 20)	3.80 (3.10, 4.50)	2.80 (2.34, 3.49)	3.07 (2.50, 3.97)	0.033	899 (718.2)	1.4e-3

Colony data used to generate these summary values are presented in Additional file 1: Table S2. Site: WA collection occurred in Thurston, Co., Washington. NY collection occurred in Tompkins Co., New York. n _c: number of colonies analyzed. n _w: arithmetic mean (range) of the number of female offspring genotyped per colony. k: arithmetic mean (95% CI) of the number of male mates detected. k _e: harmonic mean (95% CI) of the uncorrected estimate of effective paternity. k _e3: harmonic mean (95% CI) of effective paternity corrected for sample size [37]. B: arithmetic mean paternity skew using the B index [38]. # W: arithmetic mean (SD) number of workers collected in mature colonies. NDE: male non-detection error (see text). a. estimate for male non-detection error assuming all parental genotypes are known. b. upper estimate for male non-detection error, accounting for uncertain parental genotypes.

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