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Figure 2 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Figure 2

From: The GPCR repertoire in the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica: insights into the GPCR system at the early divergence of animals

Figure 2

Phylogenetic tree showing relationships between Rhodopsin family GPCRs in sponge and human genomes. The tree topology was inferred from Bayesian analysis with a gamma correction using MrBayes software. The phylogenetic tree is based only on the transmembrane region. The MCMC analysis was used to test the robustness of the nodes and was supported by a non-parametric bootstrap analysis with 500 replicates. The edges corresponding to human Rhodopsin family GPCRs are highlighted in green. Edges containing sponge Rhodopsins are highlighted in blue. Sponge specific clusters and are labeled as AqRho-A – AqRho-E (where Aq stands for Amphimedon queenslandica, Rho for Rhodopsin like GPCRs and A to E represent the distinct clusters in the phylogenetic tree). The values indicated at major branches are posterior probability values from Bayesian analysis and percentage bootstrap values from Maximum likelihood analysis. Red asterisk symbol denotes sequences that have at least four of the top five hits as beta-adrenergic, serotonin and opsin family receptors (see Additional file 3) in our blast search. However, they did not seem to form a coherent group with the human Rhodopsins. Scale bars indicate phylogenetic distance as number of substitutions per site. Phylogenetic relationships between sponge Rhodopsins, the eumetazoans (Nematostella and Trichoplax) and sea-urchin genomes are provided in Additional file 4.

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