High lifetime inbreeding depression counteracts the reproductive assurance benefit of selfing in a mass-flowering shrub

Table 2 Mating system estimates (multilocus patch selfing rate, s _m), Wright’s fixation index ( F _IS) and lifetime inbreeding depression (ID) for 28 Rhododendron ferrugineum patches from the Pyrenees (France) surveyed in 2009

	Mating system estimates s _m(1 - t _m)			Wright’s fixation index ( F _IS)			Lifetime ID
	N _f	Mean	SE	N _i	Mean	95% CI 1000 bootstraps	Mean	95% CI 1000 bootstraps
Patch 1	2	0.54	0.17	13	0.10	−0.03/0.16	0.81	0.44/1.18 c
Patch 2	3	0.73	0.16	3	-	-	-	-
Patch 3	3	0.52	0.22	4	−0.15	−0.58/0.10	1.24	−4.81/7.29
Patch 4	3	0.84	0.07	17	0.05	−0.09/0.13	0.98	−0.13/2.09 c
Patch 5	3	0.54	0.12	3	-	-	-	-
Patch 6	2	0.66	0.30	2	-	-	-	-
Patch 7	4	0.70	0.05	16	0.05	−0.11/0.149	0.95	0.46/1.45 c
Patch 8	3	0.21 a	0.29	3	-	-	-	-
Patch 9	5	0.38	0.13	35	−0.01	−0.12/0.08	1.03	0.75/1.31
Patch 10	4	0.34	0.24	20	0.07	−0.06/0.17	0.70	0.35/1.05
Patch 11	4	0.52	0.22	20	−0.02	−0.15/0.07	1.03	−0.3/2.36
Patch 12	4	0.55	0.09	20	−0.01	−0.17/0.10	1.01	0.07/1.96
Patch 13	4	0.24 a	0.26	20	0.04	−0.08/0.10	0.70	−0.01/1.42
Patch 14	5	0.53	0.10	55	0.05	−0.04/0.11	0.91	0.58/1.25
Patch 15	4	0.24	0.16	20	0.00	−0.13/0.08	0.97	0.09/1.85
Patch 16	4	0.24	0.21	20	0.22 b	0.05/0.33	−0.43	−0.48/0.39 d
Patch 17	3	0.73	0.43	20	0.10 b	−0.05/0.19	0.92	0.18/1.66
Patch 18	4	0.62	0.10	20	0.06	−0.09/0.16	0.92	0.2/1.64 c
Patch 19	4	0.34	0.19	19	0.02	−0.14/0.11	0.94	−0.19/2.07
Patch 20	6	0.65	0.09	20	0.09 b	−0.06/0.18	0.90	0.88/0.92
Patch 21	5	0.69	0.14	19	−0.02	−0.16/0.04	1.03	−0.69/2.73
Patch 22	4	0.74	0.07	19	0.01	−0.12/0.07	1.00	0.37/1.62
Patch 23	4	0.66	0.17	20	0.07	−0.06/0.15	0.92	0.48/1.35
Patch 24	4	0.27	0.13	20	−0.04	−0.17/0.02	1.21	0.01/2.41
Patch 25	4	0.32	0.25	30	0.03	−0.09/0.10	0.89	0.13/1.64
Patch 26	3	0.34	0.14	14	0.06	−0.12/0.15	0.75	−0.03/1.53
Patch 27	4	0.25	0.19	16	−0.03	−0.14/0.01	1.17	0.08/2.26
Patch 28	4	0.27	0.18	14	−0.02	−0.16/0.05	1.09	−0.14/2.32

Sample sizes (N _f: number of families, N _i: number individuals), means and standard errors (SE) or 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented. Patches are classified from the smallest (Patch 1) to the largest patch floral display (Patch 28). Four patches had a small number of individuals (N _i), resulting in an irregular bootstrap distribution of F estimates. The estimates of F and ID for these four patches are, therefore, not presented (-). See the Method section for lifetime inbreeding depression calculation.
Abbreviations: t _m: multilocus patch outcrossing rates, s _m: multilocus patch selfing rates (sm =1 - tm); Nf: number of families; SE: Standard errors; Ni: number of individuals; CI: confidence interval; ID: inbreeding depression; a: patch selfing rate not significantly different from 0 based on 95% confidence intervals. b: F significantly higher than zero (more homozygotes than expected at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium) based on 95% confidence limits. c: bootstrap distribution of ID values significantly different from 1. d: bootstrap distribution of ID values significantly lower than 0. All other patches had ID values significantly higher than 1.

ISSN: 2730-7182