Skip to main content
Figure 2 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Figure 2

From: Gradual and contingent evolutionary emergence of leaf mimicry in butterfly wing patterns

Figure 2

Nymphalid ground plan of Nymphalinae butterfly wing patterns. Using a comparative morphological approach, we dissected the extraordinarily diversified wing patterns into an assembly of Nymphalid ground plan (NGP) elements. The right, ventral wings are shown (left, each) with drawings of the NGP (right, each; mirror-opposite images of right wings). (a) Araschnia levana, (b) Mynes geoffroyi, (c) Symbrenthia hypselis, (d) Symbrenthia lilaea, (e) Hypanartia lethe, (f) Hypanartia dione, (g) Hypanartia kefersteini, (h) Vanessa cardui, (i) Vanessa atalanta, (j) Vanessa indica, (k) Antanartia delius, (l) Aglais io, (m) Aglais urticae, (n) Kaniska canace, (o) Nymphalis vau-album, (p) Polygonia c-album, (q) Polygonia c-aureum, (r) Hypolimnas bolina, (s) Precis andremiaja, (t) Precis archesia, (u) Precis octavia, (v) Junonia westermanni, (w) Junonia hierta, (x) Junonia orithya, (y) Junonia coenia, (z) Junonia lemonias, (aa) Junonia almana, (bb) Junonia atlites, (cc) Junonia iphita, (dd) Junonia erigone, (ee) Junonia hedonia, (ff) Salamis anteva, (gg) Salamis cacta, (hh) Protogoniomorpha anacardii, (ii) Protogoniomorpha parhassus, (jj) Yoma algina, (kk) Yoma sabina, (ll) Doleschallia bisaltide, (mm) Kallima paralekta. Colours are the same as those used in Figure 1.

Back to article page