Genetic structure of fragmented southern populations of African Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer)

Smitz, Nathalie; Cornélis, Daniel; Chardonnet, Philippe; Caron, Alexandre; de Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel; Jori, Ferran; Mouton, Alice; Latinne, Alice; Pigneur, Lise-Marie; Melletti, Mario; Kanapeckas, Kimberly L; Marescaux, Jonathan; Pereira, Carlos Lopes; Michaux, Johan

doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0203-2

BMC Ecology and Evolution

Table 5 F _ST (Below diagonal- ARLEQUIN software) and D _EST (Above diagonal- SMOGD software) for the 16 geographical populations

From: Genetic structure of fragmented southern populations of African Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer)

	1 (N)	2 (N)	3 (C)	4 (S)	5 (C/N)	6 (C)	7 (N)	8 (C)	9 (C)	10 (N)	11 (C)	12 (C)	13 (C)	14 (C)	15 (N)	16 (N)
1 (N)	/	0.056	0.079	0.247	0.043	0.066	0.093	0.084	0.063	0.001	0.084	0.091	0.018	0.051	0.057	0.074
2 (N)	0.033 ^***	/	0.058	0.225	0.001	0.076	0.001	0.007	0.075	0.019	0.065	0.078	0.009	0.086	0.090	0.001
3 (C)	0.041 ^***	0.036 ^***	/	0.213	0.001	< 0.0001	0.037	0.004	–0.010	0.007	0.015	<0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0002	0.105	0.060
4 (S)	0.163 ^***	0.167 ^***	0.141 ^***	/	0.236	0.235	0.245	0.177	0.234	0.293	0.244	0.141	0.142	0.148	0.290	0.242
5 (C/N)	0.037 ^*	–0.007 ^ns	0.026 ^*	0.196 ^***	/	0.002	–0.0001	0.002	0.007	0.0001	0.016	0.024	<0.0001	0.037	0.064	0.009
6 (C)	0.042 ^*	0.056 ^***	0.010 ^ns	0.181 ^***	0.056 ^***	/	0.012	0.006	0.003	0.023	0.019	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.011	0.087	0.034
7 (N)	0.045 ^***	0.006 ^ns	0.033 ^***	0.157 ^***	0.004 ^ns	0.062 ^***	/	0.019	0.050	0.006	0.041	0.081	0.008	0.066	0.083	0.005
8 (C)	0.044 ^***	0.020 ^***	0.014 ^*	0.130 ^***	0.016 ^ns	0.034 ^*	0.022 ^*	/	0.012	0.018	0.017	0.008	< 0.0001	0.021	0.118	0.012
9 (C)	0.049 ^***	0.051 ^***	–0.008 ^ns	0.175 ^***	0.056 ^***	0.024 ^ns	0.059 ^***	0.025 ^*	/	0.003	0.005	–0.007	< 0.0001	0.001	0.116	0.062
10 (N)	0.016 ^*	0.029 ^***	0.021 ^*	0.163 ^***	0.010 ^ns	0.032 ^*	0.021 ^ns	0.027 ^*	0.035 ^*	/	0.021	0.002	0.010	0.013	0.081	0.009
11 (C)	0.037 ^***	0.030 ^***	0.008 ^*	0.154 ^***	0.031 ^*	0.013 ^ns	0.031 ^***	0.012 ^*	0.013 ^ns	0.025 ^*	/	0.005	–0.008	0.005	0.111	0.047
12 (C)	0.046 ^*	0.060 ^***	0.002 ^ns	0.128 ^***	0.053 ^ns	0.005 ^ns	0.060 ^*	0.023 ^ns	0.002 ^ns	0.016 ^ns	0.026 ^*	/	0.003	0.020	0.112	0.046
13 (C)	0.037 ^*	0.030 ^ns	–0.015 ^ns	0.139 ^***	0.029 ^ns	0.007 ^ns	0.029 ^ns	–0.005 ^ns	–0.009 ^ns	0.029 ^ns	–0.013 ^ns	0.011 ^ns	/	–0.0002	0.048	0.025
14 (C)	0.020 ^*	0.036 ^***	–0.010 ^ns	0.133 ^***	0.043 ^ns	0.030 ^ns	0.043 ^*	0.018 ^*	–0.010 ^ns	0.030 ^ns	0.010 ^ns	0.026 ^ns	–0.012 ^ns	/	0.109	0.065
15 (N)	0.034 ^***	0.059 ^***	0.064 ^***	0.195 ^***	0.055 ^***	0.067 ^***	0.055 ^***	0.064 ^***	0.081 ^***	0.050 ^***	0.063 ^***	0.073 ^***	0.051 ^*	0.064 ^***	/	0.082
16 (N)	0.032 ^***	–0.001 ^ns	0.045 ^***	0.166 ^***	–0.003 ^ns	0.059 ^***	0.008 ^ns	0.012 ^*	0.068 ^***	0.022 ^***	0.036 ^***	0.060 ^***	0.037 ^*	0.047 ^***	0.058 ^***	/

These estimators were only computed where more than 5 samples were available. 1: Niassa, 2: Chobe, 3: Kruger, 4: Hluhluwe-iMfolozi (bold), 5: Hwange, 6: Sengwe, 7: Victoria Falls, 8: Malilangwe, 9: Crooks Corner, 10: Mana Pools, 11: Gonarezhou, 12: Limpopo, 13: Manguana, 14: Gorongosa, 15: Marromeu, 16: Okanvango Delta. Cluster affiliation of each sampling locality is also indicated in the table as follow: (N) for the Northern cluster, (C) for the Central cluster and (S) for the Southern cluster. Here, one SL is considered to belong to one cluster if there are more than 50% of SL’s individuals that belongs to this cluster. ^*indicates P < 0.05, ^**indicates P < 0.005, ^***indicates P < 0.0005; ^nsindicates non-significant.

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