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Table 3 Phenotypic selection gradients for maritime pine based on mother-tree traits

From: Environment-dependent microevolution in a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinasterAiton)

Trait

DF

Selection gradient

Standard Error

Wald 95%CIs

Chi- Square

Pr > ChiSq

Linear selection gradient

PC1

1

0.2140

0.1366

−0.0538

0.4818

2.45

0.1173

PC2

1

0.4313

0.2045

0.0306

0.8321

4.45

0.0349

PC3

1

−0.0289

0.1247

−0.2733

0.2156

0.05

0.8170

Quadratic selection gradient

PC12

1

−0.0073

0.0802

−0.1645

0.1499

0.01

0.9273

PC22

1

0.1090

0.0596

−0.0078

0.2259

3.35

0.0674

PC32

1

−0.1609

0.0974

−0.3518

0.0301

2.73

0.0987

  1. Significant selection gradients are given in italics (Additional file 1: Table S4 for details of the PC analysis).
  2. PC1 main loading factors: age (0.813), height (0.798) and diameter (0.790); PC2 main loading factors: number of empty seeds (−0.768) and germination rate (0.896); PC3 main loading factors: seed weight (0.894).