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Table 6 Diversification dynamics of Calisto as reconstructed by the R package DDD

From: Causes of endemic radiation in the Caribbean: evidence from the historical biogeography and diversification of the butterfly genus Calisto(Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini)

           

Analyses account 8 missing species

  

0

0

K0

1

1

K1

t_shift

log-LH

Akaike weight

0

0

K0

1

1

K1

t_shift

log-LH

Akaike weight

 

Calisto diversification

                  

CR0

constant λ and μ (birth-death)

0.07

0

-

-

-

-

-

−124.437

0.00

0.08

0

-

-

-

-

-

−123.853

0.00

CR1

− declining as div-dep. No μ (DDL)

0.175

-

40.119

-

-

-

-

−118.715

0.03

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CR2

div-dep with μ (DDL + E) depend in λ

0.163

0

43.055

-

-

-

-

−118.926

0.01

0.163

0

54.745

-

-

-

-

−118.774

0.02

SR0

Yule-2-rate

0.122

-

36.641

0.3

-

K0

13.567

−116.243

0.12

0.122

-

45.321

0.298

-

K1

13.567

−116.487

0.16

*SR1

shift in K

0.306

0

13.132

λ 0

μ 0

36.62

13.567

−113.877

0.48

0.295

0

14.456

λ 0

μ 0

45.466

13.567

−114.384

0.47

SR2

shift in K and μ

0.306

0

13.13

0

0

36.617

13.567

−113.878

0.18

0.3

0.006

14.342

0

0

45.355

13.567

−114.369

0.18

SR3

shift in K and λ

0.322

0

13.025

0.298

0

36.713

13.567

−113.863

0.18

0.289

0

14.507

0.298

0

45.414

13.567

−114.382

0.17

KI1

shift in K in subclade

0.133

0

27.172

0

0

Inf.

13.567

−118.634

0.00

0.139

0

37.103

0

0

Inf.

13.567

−121.355

0.00

KI2

shift in K and μ in subclade

0.133

0

27.159

0

0

Inf.

13.567

−118.651

0.00

0.139

0

36.965

0

0

Inf.

13.567

−121.371

0.00

KI3

shift in K and λ in subclade

0.164

0

25.591

0.115

0

Inf.

13.567

−118.319

0.00

0.17

0

34.419

0.114

0

Inf.

13.567

−120.853

0.00

KI4

shift in K, λ and μ in subclade

0.162

0

25.779

0.111

0

Inf.

13.567

−118.302

0.00

0.17

0

34.434

0.114

0

Inf.

13.567

−120.852

0.00

 

Hispaniolan lineages diversification

                  

CR0

constant λ and μ (birth-death)

0.056

0

-

-

-

-

-

−85.5

0.00

0.066

0

-

-

-

-

-

−84.936

0.00

CR1

− declining as div-dep. No μ (DDL)

0.186

-

24.646

-

-

-

-

−78.905

0.19

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CR2

div-dep with μ (DDL + E) depend in λ

0.165

0

26.665

-

-

-

-

−80.231

0.02

0.166

0

36.387

-

-

-

-

−79.968

0.04

SR0

Yule-2-rate

0.141

-

24

0.335

-

K0

12.843

−77.021

0.17

0.141

-

32

0.347

-

K1

12.843

−77.219

0.20

*SR1

shift in K

0.33

0.001

11.991

λ 0

μ 0

23.918

14.352

−75.372

0.32

0.339

0.001

15.518

λ 0

μ 0

31.942

12.843

−75.477

0.42

SR2

shift in K and μ

0.318

0.001

11.964

0

0

24

14.352

−75.219

0.14

0.327

0

15.593

0

0

32.023

12.844

−75.427

0.16

SR3

shift in K and λ

0.333

0

12.98

0.245

0

24.135

12.843

−75.09

0.16

0.295

0.001

15.743

0.355

0

31.948

12.843

−75.372

0.17

 

Cuban lineage diversification

                  

CR0

constant λ and μ (birth-death)

0.09

0

-

-

-

-

-

−40.903

0.01

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CR1

− declining as div-dep. No μ (DDL)

0.27

-

14.568

-

-

-

-

−38.31

0.14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CR2

div-dep with μ (DDL + E) depend in λ

0.219

0

17.498

-

-

-

-

−39.235

0.02

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*SR0

Yule-2-rate

0.099

-

14

0.493

-

K 0

10.475

−35.409

0.35

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

SR1

shift in K

0.502

0.012

2.323

0

0

13.644

11.894

−35.377

0.13

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*SR2

shift in K and λ

0.426

0.024

1.864

λ 0

0

13.982

13.567

−33.981

0.20

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

SR3

shift in K and λ

0.162

0.009

1.884

0.466

0

13.718

13.573

−34.287

0.15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

  1. The best models for each type of analyses, which include extinction and diversity-dependent processes, are highlighted in bold text and with an asterisk (*). λ is speciation rate, μ is extinction rate, K is species “carrying capacity” or a parameter analogous to it only in DDL. The estimated parameters to the right were calculated accounting missing taxa (8 species). The DDL model is not able to incorporate missing taxa whereas the Cuban clade in this study included all described species. A shift in K is recovered as the best explanation for the diversification patterns of Calisto and the Hispaniolan lineages. Yule-2-rate or a shift in K and μ are the best models to explain the diversification of the Cuban clade alone.