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Table 4 Incongruent patterns observed between nDNA and cpDNA

From: Evolutionary dynamics of emblematic Araucariaspecies (Araucariaceae) in New Caledonia: nuclear and chloroplast markers suggest recent diversification, introgression, and a tight link between genetics and geography within species

Population

Morphology-based species identification

Number of samples studied for cpDNA

Number of samples involved in the incongruence

cpDNA haplotype specific to:

nDNA characteristic of*:

Hypothesized evolutionary scenario (see text)

Mt Do

A. biramulata

19

18

A. biramulata (H05 to H08)

A. montana-A. laubenfelsii

Introgression

Mt Tonta

A. biramulata

22

12

A. rulei (H65)

A. biramulata

Introgression (or shared ancestral polymorphism)

Pandop

A. montana

5

3

A. biramulata (H07)

A. biramulata

Erroneous species identification, which was revised to A. biramulata for population analyses

2

A. montana (H58)

A. biramulata

Introgression

Paeoua

A. rulei

13

1

A. muelleri (H33); closer to A.montana-A. laubenfelsii haplotypes than to A. rulei ones

A. rulei

Introgression

Ouinee

A. rulei

16

1

A. muelleri (H33); closer to A.montana-A. laubenfelsii haplotypes than to A. rulei ones

A. rulei

Introgression

PinPin

A. rulei

15

1

A. montana (H53); but close (d = 1 change) to the abundant A. rulei haplotype H61

A. rulei

Population-specific cpDNA haplotype

Panie

A. montana

10

3

H64, retrieved with A. rulei haplotypes but close (d = 2 changes) to the common A. montana-A. laubenfelsii haplotype H52

A. montana-A. laubenfelsii

Shared ancestral polymorphism

Paeoua

A. montana

16

1

H11, retrieved with A. biramulata haplotypes

More related to A. montana-A. laubenfelsii than to A. biramulata

Shared ancestral polymorphism

Mt Do

A. biramulata

19

1

A. scopulorum (H38)

A. montana-A. laubenfelsii

Shared ancestral polymorphism (at cpDNA) and introgression with A. montana-A. laubenfelsii

Thio

A. scopulorum

21

1

A. columnaris and A. nemorosa (H01)

A. scopulorum

Insufficient data to propose an evolutionary scenario

  1. In bold: the species identification upon which two datasets agree (out of the three datasets: morphology, cpDNA and nDNA).
  2. *A sample was considered as characteristic of a given species when > 50% of its genotype was assigned to the genetic cluster(s) of this species.