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Figure 2 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Figure 2

From: Pigmentary and photonic coloration mechanisms reveal taxonomic relationships of the Cattlehearts (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Parides)

Figure 2

Red scales with blue iridescence of P. anchises and P. lysander . A, B Whereas the scales of P. anchises are about flat, those of P. lysander are highly curved. C, D Scatterograms of the two differently-shaped scales. E Angle-dependent reflectance spectra of a wing piece of P. anchises measured with a two-fiber goniometric setup. The illumination angle (Δα) and detection angle (Δβ) were changed in steps of 5 degrees in opposite directions and symmetrically with respect to the angle of peak reflectance, which was at ~60° with respect to the normal to the wing plane. Inset: reflectance peak wavelength as a function of light incidence fitted with the interference condition for multilayers.

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