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Table 3 Estimates of mean divergence times, and respective 95% CL intervals given by non-Bayesian analyses of cytochrome b nucleotide sequences.

From: The taxonomic status of the endangered thin-spined porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus(Olfers, 1818), based on molecular and karyologic data

Nodes

NPRS-LOG

GRMD

Geological epoch

 

Mean

95% CL

Mean

95% CL

 

Hystricomorpha

58.6

53.7–76.1

52.2

49.1–63.1

Late Pal.-Early Eoc.

Ctenodactylidae

26.3

22.7–33.4

17.68

14.8–20.5

Late Oli.-Early Mio.

Hystricognathi

46.4

42.4–54.0

44.1

41.5–49.6

Middle Eocene

Bathyergidae

23.5

17.8–26.9

20.9

16.6–24.2

Early Miocene

Caviomorpha

34.0

-

34.0

-

Late Eocene

Erethizontidae

23.9

22.3–26.4

22.2

18.9–25.9

Late Oli.-Early Mio.

Erethizontinae

9.5

7.2–14.8

7.7

3.4–9.5

Late Miocene

Coendou + Sphiggurus

5.1

2.7–10.7

4.5

2.6–5.5

Late Mio.-Early Pli.

Coendou

0.1

0.1–0.7

0.1

0.02–0.2

Pleistocene

Sphiggurus

0.2

0.1–0.8

0.2

0.1–0.5

Pleistocene

Octodontoidea

27.0

-

27.0

-

Late Oligocene

Echimyidae

20.0

-

20.0

-

Early Miocene

Ctenomyidae

5.9

3.9–8.7

5.4

3.7–6.5

Late Miocene

Octodontidae

15.2

10.2–17.9

13.1

10.2–15.1

Middle Miocene

OGL+SCY

12.1

7.0–15.4

10.6

7.4–12.2

Middle-Late Miocene

Cavioidea

25.9

16.7–28.1

23.7

16.1–26.1

Late Oli.-Early Mio.

Caviidae

22.0

16.0–25.7

19.7

15.5–23.3

Early Miocene

  1. Estimates of divergence times expressed in million years. NPRS-LOG: nonparametric rate smoothing with log-scale rates. GRMD: global rate minimum deformation method. CL: confidence limits. The geological epochs corresponding to divergence times followed the 1999 Geologic Time Scale of the Geological Society of America. Pal.: Paleocene; Eoc.: Eocene; Oli.: Oligocene; Mio.: Miocene; Pli.: Pliocene.