Natural selection drives the fine-scale divergence of a coevolutionary arms race involving a long-mouthed weevil and its obligate host plant

Table 6 Effects of climate on the geographic variation in weevil attacks within Yakushima Island.

	No. of trial holes per fruit^{a, b}				Proportion of successful excavations^c				Proportion of infested seeds^a
Locality	Coef. (SE)	d.f.	t	P	Coef. (SE)	d.f.	t	P	Coef. (SE)	d.f.	t	P
Altitude	0.014 (0.041)	609	0.3	0.73	0.189 (0.018)	546	10.6	< 0.0001*	0.403 (0.038)	609	10.7	< 0.0001*
Temperature	0.028 (0.041)	609	0.7	0.489	- 0.166 (0.017)	546	- 9.6	< 0.0001*	- 0.326 (0.037)	609	- 8.8	< 0.0001*
Precipitation	0.079 (0.040)	609	2.0	0.051	0.162 (0.017)	546	9.5	< 0.0001*	0.335 (0.040)	609	8.4	< 0.0001*

A generalized linear model was constructed to explain the geographic variation in each of the number of trial holes per fruit, the proportion of successful excavations of camellia pericarps by weevils and the proportion of seeds infested by weevil larvae. An univariate regression was performed for each explanatory variable, annual mean temperature (°C), annual precipitation (mm), the annual mean of the monthly amount of global solar radiation with shading effects of topography (MJ/m²). All explanatory variables and the number of trial holes were z-standardized (zero-mean, unit-variance).
*Significant after sequential Bonferroni corrections applied for each response variable.
^aNo. of trees = 611, no. of fruits = 968.
^bThe response variable was z-standardized.
^cNo. of trees = 548, no. of fruits = 844.

ISSN: 2730-7182