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Table 3 Comparison of human-chimpanzee substitutions among primates

From: The identification and functional implications of human-specific "fixed" amino acid substitutions in the glutamate receptor family

ID#

Gene

Amino acid (Hum-Chimp)

Nucleotide (Hum-Chimp)

Hum

Chimp

Bon

Gor

Ora

Gib

Mac #1

Mac #2

Specificity1

Fixed in Humans

Notes

1

GRIN2A

S906N

AGC-AAC

G

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

Human

Fixed

 

2

GRIN2A

A1006V

GCG-GTG

C

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Human

Fixed

 

3

GRIN2A

H1080P

CAC-CCC

A

C

A

A

A

A

A

A

Chimpanzee

  

4

GRIN2A

F1158L

TTC-TTG

G

C

C

G

G

G

G

G

Chimpanzee

  

5

GRIN2A

H1173Q

CAT-CAA

A

T

T

A

A

A

A

A

Chimpanzee

  

6

GRIN2A

M1221L

ATG-CTG

A

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

Human

Fixed

 

7

GRIN2B

N1294T

AAC-ACC

A

C

C

A

A

A

A

A

Chimpanzee

  

8

GRIN2C

P23L

CCG-CTG

CCG

ATG

CTG

CCG

CTG

CGG

CCG

CCG

N.A.

  

9

GRIN2C

T71N

ACC-AAC

C

A

A

A

C

C

A

A

N.A.

  

10

GRIN2C

H89R

CAC-CGC

A

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

Human

Fixed

 

11

GRIN2C

D100G

GAC-GGC

A

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

Human

Fixed

 

12

GRIN2C

A596S

GCT-TCT

G

T

T

T

"T"

T

T

T

Human

Fixed

 

13

GRIN2C

S851T

TCC-ACC

T

A

A

T

T

T

T

T

Chimpanzee

  

14

GRIN2C

Q898R

CAG-CGG

A

A/G

-

A

A

A

A

A

Chimpanzee

  

15

GRIN2C

S933P

TCC-CCC

T

C

-

-

C

C

"C"

"C"

Human

Fixed

 

16

GRIN2C

G1144S

GGC-AGC

G

A

A

G*

G

G

"G"

"G"

Chimpanzee

 

*AGG

17

GRIN2C

R1221C

CGT-TGT

C

T

T

-

"T"

T

"T"

"T"

Human

Fixed

 

18

GRIN3A

S30G

AGC-GGC

A

G

G

-

"G"

G

G

G

Human

Fixed

 

19

GRIN3A

D71G

GAC-GGC

A

G

G

-

"G"

G

G

G

Human

Fixed

 

20

GRIN3A

P93L

CCG-CTG

C

T

T

C

C

C

C*

C*

Chimpanzee

 

*TCG

21

GRIN3A

A119T

GCG-ACG

G

A

G

G

G

G

G

G

Chimpanzee

  

22

GRIN3A

A121T

GCC-ACC

G

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

Human

Fixed

 

23

GRIN3A

V138M

GTG-ATG

G

A

G

G

G*

G*

G*

G

Chimpanzee

 

*GGG

24

GRIN3A

E340K

GAA-AAA

G

A

G

G

G

G

G

G

Chimpanzee

  

25

GRIN3A

A885S

GCC-TCC

G

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Human

Fixed

 

26

GRIN3A

I988V

ATA-GTA

A

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

Human

Fixed

 

27

GRIN3A

R1059L

CGG-CTG

G

T

T

-

T

T

T

T

Human

Fixed

 

28

GRIN3B

P17S

CCG-TCG

C

T

T

C

C

C

C

C

Chimpanzee

  

29

GRIN3B

G175S

GGC-AGC

G

A

G

-

G

G

G

G

Chimpanzee

  

30

GRIN3B

E229G

GAA-GGA

A

G

A

-

A

A

-

A

Chimpanzee

  

31

GRIN3B

A272V

GCG-GTG

C

T

C

C

C*

C

C*

C*

Chimpanzee

 

*GCA

32

GRIN3B

I296T

ATT-ACT

T

C

C

C*

C

C*

C/T**

C*

N.A.

 

*ACG,

**ATT/CCT

33

GRIN3B

W414R

TGG-CGG

T

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

Human

NOT

rs2240157

34

GRIN3B

A468V

GCG-GTG

C

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Human

Fixed

 

35

GRIN3B

R473C

CGC-TGC

C

T

T

C

C

C

C

C

Chimpanzee

  

36

GRIN3B

L499I

CTC-ATC

C

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

Human

Fixed

 

37

GRIN3B

T577M

ACG-ATG

C

T

T

T

T

-

T

T

Human

NOT

rs2240158

38

GRIN3B

Y595C

TAC-TGC

A

G

G

G

A

-

A

A

N.A.

  

39

GRIN3B

R598C

CGT-TGC

CGT

TGC

TGC

TGC

CGC

-

CGC

CGC

N.A.

  

40

GRIN3B

V613I

GTC-ATC

G

A

G

G

G

-

G

G

Chimpanzee

  

41

GRIN3B

R727H

CGC-CAC

G

A

A

A

A

A

"A"

"A"

Human

Fixed

 

42

GRIA3

P590L

CCT-CTT

C

T

C

C

C

C

C

C

Chimpanzee

  

43

GRIA4

S5C

TCC-TGC

C

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

Human

Fixed

 

44

GRIK3

S310A

TCC-GCC

T

G

G

G

"G"

G

G

G

Human

NOT

rs6691840

45

GRIK3

V419I

GTT-ATT

G

A

A

G

G

G

G

G

Chimpanzee

  

46

GRIK4

H403R

CAC-CGC

A

G

G

G

A

G

G

G

N.A.

  

47

GRIK5

L298P

CTG-CCG

T

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

Human

Fixed

 

48

GRIK5

I809V

ATC-GTC

A

G

G

G

"G"

-

G

G

Human

Fixed

*GTT

49

GRIK5

A922T

GCC-ACC

G

A

-

-

G

G

G

G

Chimpanzee

  

50

GRIK5

V956A

GTC-GCC

T

C

C/T

-

C/T

-

C

C

N.A.

  

51

GRID1

T295M

ACG-ATG

C

T

T

T

T

-

T

T

Human

Fixed

 

52

GRID1

M628V

ATG-GTG

A

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

Human

Fixed

 

53

GRID2

S11F

TCC-TTC

C

T

T

C

C

C

C

C

Chimpanzee

  

54

GRM1

S993P

TCC-CCC

T

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

Human

NOT

rs6923492

55

GRM1

L1089P

CTG-CCG

T

C

C

C

C

C

T

T

N.A.

 

*CCA

56

GRM2

A6G

GCG-GGG

G

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

Human

Fixed

 

57

GRM2

A248V

GCG-GTG

C

T

T

C

C

C

C

C

Chimpanzee

  

58

GRM3

M547V

ATG-GTG

A

G

G

A

A

A

A

A

Chimpanzee

  

59

GRM3

S551P

TCT-CCT

T

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

Human

NOT

No rs# available

60

GRM3

M593T

ATG-ACG

T

C/T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Chimpanzee

  

61

GRM4

L19F

CTC-TTC

C

T

T

C

C

C

C

C

Chimpanzee

  

62

GRM6

Q59P

CAG-CCG

A

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

Human

NOT

rs2645329

63

GRM6

P141T

CCC-ACC

C

A*

A

A

A

A

A

-

Human

NOT

No rs # available

*AT/CC

64

GRM6

D380E

GAT-GAG

T

G

G

T

T

T

T

T

Chimpanzee

  

65

GRM6

M442T

ATG-ACG

T

C

C

C

C

T

C

C

N.A.

  

66

GRM6

Y612H

TAC-CAC

T

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

Human

Fixed

 

67

GRM6

A650G

GCG-GGG

C

G

G

C

C

C

T

T

N.A.

  

68

GRM6

M714V

ATG-GTG

A

G

G

G*

G

G

G

G

Human

Fixed

*GCG

69

GRM6

V839I

GTA-ATA

G

A

A

G

G

G

G

G

Chimpanzee

  

70

GRM6

A877D

GCC-GAC

C

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

Human

Fixed

 

71

GRM7

A520P

GCC-CCC

C

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

Human

Fixed

 

72

GRM8

R268C

CGC-TGC

A

G

A

A

A

A

A

A

Chimpanzee

  

73

GRM8

G327V

GGG-GTG

G

G/T

G/T

G

G

G

G

G

Chimpanzee

  

74

GRM8

V653I

GTC-ATC

G

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

Human

Fixed

 

75

GRIN2C

del1021-1026RALPER

CGCGCGCTCCCAGAGCGG

del

in

in

-

in

in

in

in

Human

Fixed

 

76

GRIN2C

PPE 1055-1057del

CCCCCGGAG

in

in/del

in

-

"in"

in

in

in

Chimpanzee

  

77

GRIN2C

AH1164-1165del

GCCCAC

in

in/del

in

in

in

in

in

-

Chimpanzee

  

78

GRM6

GD125-126del

GCGACG

in

del

del

-

del

del

del

-

Human

Fixed

 
  1. Abbreviations are: Hum - human, Chimp - chimpanzee, Bon - bonobo, Gor - gorilla, Ora - orangutan, Gib - gibbon, in - insertion, del -- deletion, rs -- RefSNP accession ID.1: This shows the lineage in which the substitution (insertion/deletion) occurred. In cases in which the substitution independently occurred at the same site in more than two lineages, the specificity is not assigned (N.A.). We pooled substitutions found specifically in chimpanzees or in bonobos as "chimpanzee-specific" substitutions.
  2. " ": The sequence was obtained from the UCSC genome database.
  3. -: We failed to determine the sequence of the site, and the sequence was not available from the UCSC genome database.
  4. *: The other substitution was found in the codon.
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