Figure 3

Ecological views of several runs. Each 'wheel' shows the 64 resources (nodes) and the bites (edges) that rotate one resource into another. For visualization purposes even and odd numbered resources are plot on the inner and outer circle, respectively. Resources are colored by abundance, see the legend in panel A. The edge-width is logarithmically scaled according to popularity: the more a bite occurred the thicker the edge. In B, C and D the shortest cycles are colored to distinguish up to 3 different phenotypic groups (orange, purple and green). This coloring does not indicate any relationship between the phenotypes in different 'wheels'. A and C are taken from runs with local feedback (Figure 2A and C), B and D are from runs of the null model (Figure 2J and L). A. Run with low direct selection (σ = 0.2) at time 5·10⁴, which is still in the initial phase of evolution. B. Run with selection σ = 0.2 at time 18·10⁴. The shortest cycle (22, 31, 40, 58) is performed by a single lineage. C. Local model run with σ = 5.0 at time 25·10⁴. The shortest cycle (3, 18, 41, 54) is composed of three different phenotypic lineages. D. Null model run with σ = 5.0 at time 25·10⁴. There several shortest cycles, composed of multiple lineages. One of these cycles is: 4, 12, 24, 40, 49.