Figure 1

Complex fate of paralogs. a) Gene duplication and subsequent divergence, for cytosolic ribosomal proteins (cRP) followed by homogenizing gene conversion events. b) Impact of duplicated proteins on complexes. Intra-complex duplications include dosage increase, interacting homologs and module variants. Dosage increase requires many components of the complex to duplicate simultaneously (as in the case of cRP and the whole genome duplication). For interacting homologs, the two duplicated proteins become physically subunits of the complex (e.g., homomers turning into heterodimers after the duplication). In module variants only one of the two paralogs is present in the protein complex at a given time. Bi-complex paralogs operate in different protein complexes; two possible evolutionary routes are shown. Overhangs do not aggregate with other proteins in a non-transient manner, while their paralogs do.