The earliest settlers' antiquity and evolutionary history of Indian populations: evidence from M2 mtDNA lineage

Table 1 Sampling details and mtDNA lineage distribution in India.

Location	Population	Population Code	Linguistic Affiliation^a	n ^b	Frequency (%)
					M^c	Non M^d	M2	M2b
India				*2768*	*65.39*	*34.61*	*9.57*	*2.96*
*Western*				629	47.22	52.78	13.35	0.00
	DungriBhill	DB	IE	118	66.10	33.90	3.39	0.00
	Kathakur	KAT	IE	220	32.73	67.27	9.09	0.00
	Kathodi	KTH	IE	120	51.67	48.33	21.67	0.00
	Katkari	KK	IE	50	46.00	54.00	16.00	0.00
	Mathakur	MTK	IE	121	51.24	48.76	21.49	0.00
*Central*				711	69.90	30.10	15.75	4.36
	Andh	AND	IE	115	59.13	40.87	11.30	0.00
	Hill Kolam	HK	DR/IE	123	77.24	22.76	18.70	9.75
	Kamar	KMR	IE	111	68.47	31.53	9.91	0.00
	Korku	KRK	AA	110	70.00	30.00	21.82	15.45
	Madia	MAD	DR/IE	140	75.71	24.29	20.71	1.43
	Nihal	NHL	IE	112	66.96	33.04	10.71	0.00
*East*				336	73.21	26.79	4.46	1.48
	Malpaharia	MLP	AA	114	75.44	24.56	6.14	2.63
	Munda	MUN	AA/MU	102	74.51	25.49	3.92	0.98
	PaudiBhuiya	PB	DR/IE	120	70.00	30.00	3.33	0.83
*North East*				863	67.32	32.68	0.12	0.00
	DirangMonpa	DM	TB	100	78.00	22.00	0.00	0.00
	Gallong	GAL	TB	108	50.00	50.00	0.00	0.00
	Lachungpa	LC	TB	104	79.81	20.19	0.00	0.00
	Lepcha	LP	TB	109	58.72	41.28	0.00	0.00
	Shertukpen	SKP	TB	103	82.52	17.48	0.00	0.00
	Sonowal Kachari	SK	IE	112	56.25	43.75	0.89	0.00
	Toto	TT	TB	102	80.39	19.61	0.00	0.00
	Wanchoo	WAN	TB	125	57.60	42.40	0.00	0.00
*South*				229	82.53	17.47	23.14	20.08
	Betta Kuruba	BK	DR	115	74.78	25.22	39.13	35.65
	Jenu Kuruba	JK	DR	114	90.35	9.65	7.02	4.39
	Togataveera*	TG	DR	#	#	#	#	#
	Reddy*	RE	DR	#	#	#	#	#

^a As per Gordon 2005[47]; ^b Number of samples screened; ^c Includes all haplogroups within macrohaplogroup M; ^d Includes all other than macrohaplogroup M; * Caste populations data from Sun et al. [7]; # Data not available; "AA" Austro-Asiatic; "DR" Dravidian "IE" Indo-European; "MU" Mundari; "TB" Tibeto-Burman.

ISSN: 2730-7182