Table 2 Maximum (U) and minimum (L) time constrains (MYA) used for dating at nodes in Fig. 2
Node | Constraint | Reference information |
|---|---|---|
A | L416 | Psarolepis fossil (the earliest Sarcopterygii) from Ludlow (Silurian) [2]Lophosteus and Andreolepis fossils (the earliest Actinopterygii) from Ludlow (Silurian) [64] |
A | U528 | Probable divergence time between chondrichthyans and osteichthyans (528 MYA), based on both fossils and molecules [58] |
B | L392 | Stem-actinopterans known from the Givetian/Eifelian boundary [57] |
B | U450 | Probable divergence time between sarcopterygians and actinopterygians (450 MYA), based on both fossils and molecules [6, 58] |
C | L345 | Tournasian Cosmoptychius as the earliest stem-group neopterygian [57] |
C | U392 | Estimated divergence time between polypterids and actinopterans [57] |
D | L130 | Protosephuru (paddlefish) from Hauterivian (Cretaceous) [57] |
E | L284 | Brachydegma from early Permian [57] |
F | L136 | Stem-hiodontid Yambiania from the Lower Cretaceous [57] |
G | L112 | Osteoglossoid fossil from the Aptian (Cretaceous) [4] |
H | L151 | Stem-elopomorph Elopsomolos from the Kimmeridgian (Jurassic) [57] |
I | L90 | Albuloid fossil from the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) [4] |
J | L50 | Anguillid and congrid fossils from the Ypresian (Tertiary) [4] |
K | L146 | Stem-ostariophysan Tischlingerichthys from Tithonian (Jurassic) [57] |
L | L57 | Clupeid fossil from the Thanetian (Tertiary) [4] |
M | L50 | Cyprinid fossil from the Ypresian (Tertiary) [4] |
N | L74 | Esociform fossil from the Campanian (Cretaceous) [4] |
O | L94 | Polymixiid fossil from the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) [4] |
P | L50 | Pleuronectiform fossil from the Ypresian (Tertiary) [4] |
Q | L98 | Tetraodontiform fossil from the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) [2] |
R | L32 | Estimated divergence time between Takifugu and Tetraodon [2] |