Comparative phylogeography of Atlantic reef fishes indicates both origin and accumulation of diversity in the Caribbean

Table 3 Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of Chromis multilineata

Source of variation	Sum of Squares	Percentage of variation	Variance components
Between groups	239.036	56.65	3.575
Within groups	53.533	3.32	0.212
Within populations	439.042	39.99	2.523
Fixation Indices			P-value
F_CT	0.566		0.013
F_SC	0.077		< 0.001
F_ST	0.600		< 0.001

Two groups were defined, western Atlantic, comprising the combination of the Brazilian, Caribbean and central Atlantic island populations, and eastern Atlantic, composed of Cape Verde and Sao Tome. Fixation indices are F_CT: genetic variation between regions; F_SC: genetic variation among populations within regions; and FST: genetic variation among all populations. Significance (P) is the probability of finding a variance component and F-statistic that are greater than or equal to the observed values and was tested using a non-parametric approach (Excoffier et al. 1992), with at least 3,000 permutations of the dataset.

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