Unexpected presence of Fagus orientalis complex in Italy as inferred from 45,000-year-old DNA pollen samples from Venice lagoon

Table 1 Haplotype network analysis.

Group	n	k	H	Ar (20)	π (× 100)	MPD	Fu's Fs	Tajima's D
F. orientalis complex cluster A	51	28	0.92 ± 0.03	13.75	0.21 ± 0.14	1.55 ± 0.94	-9.43 p < 0.001	-1.94 p < 0.01
F. sylvatica cluster B	29	7	0.47 ± 0.11	4.84	0.0096 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.14	-1.18 ns	-1.15 ns

Standard and molecular indexes of the F. sylvatica cluster A and F. orientalis complex as determined by the network of haplotypes (see Fig. 4 and text). Symbols used: n, sample size; k, number of different haplotypes; H, genetic diversity; Ar, allelic richness calculated with a rarefaction size of 20; π, nucleotide diversity; MPD, mean number of pairwise difference; ns, not significant.

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