| fossil recordsa | protein electrophoresis analysis from Goldman, Giri and O'Brien (1989) [6] | partial mt gene analysis from Talbot and Shields (1996) [12] | two nuclear gene analysis from Yu et al (2004) [13] | mt genome analysis from this study |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T. ornatus separation | 5–7 | 10–15 | 12–13 | 6–8 | 10.91 |
six Ursine bears (or U. ursinus) divergence (node 5) | 4–6 | 4–8 | 5–7 | 2–5 | 6.34 |
five Ursine bears (except U. ursinus) divergence (node 4) | - | - | 6 | - | 6.13 |
U. malayanus divergence (node 3) | 0.2–1 or 5–10 | - | 5 | - | 5.67 |
U. thibetanus – U. americanus split (node 2) | 1–3.5 | - | 5 | - | 5.19 |
U. arctos – U. maritimus split (node 1) | 0.07–0.1 | 2–3 | 1–2 | 1–1.5 | 1.32 |