Figure 3

Ontogenetic changes in allometric scaling between body size and head horn length in male Onthophagus taurus. (A) Scaling relationship between body size (presented as standard deviations away from mean) and horn length in male pupae (●) and corresponding adults (○). There are no significant differences between pupal and adult allometries. (B) Absolute (■ right) and relative (□ left) loss of pupal horn length as a function of adult male body size. Relative horn loss declines steadily with adult size, whereas absolute horn loss first increases and reaches a maximum in medium-sized males before declining again to near zero values in large males. (C) Log-log plot of pupal against adult horn length. Gray line indicates expectation if adult horn length is a direct reflection of pupal horn length (y-intercept = 0, slope = 1). Regression analysis shows that the y-intercept is significantly different from 0 (indicating pupal remodeling) and the slope is significantly greater than 1 (indicating that remodeling occurs to a greater degree in minor compared to major male morphs). Red lines indicate 99% confidence intervals.