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Table 9 MANOVAs for female wing shape fluctuating asymmetry A multivariate equivalent of FA1 (i.e., the "unsigned" left-right differences) was defined as explained in the text. Flies raised from outbred crosses of Drosophila subobscura (⊂ means 'nested in').

From: Genetics and geometry of canalization and developmental stability in Drosophila subobscura

 

18°C

23°C

Source of variation

Wilks' lambda

df 1

df 2

P

Wilks' lambda

df 1

df 2

P

Karyotypes (K)

0.008

110

48

0.908

0.007

110

48

0.856

Cross ⊂ K

0.022

660

2932

0.169

0.029

660

2932

0.604