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Table 1 Evolutionary distance (substitution level) comparisons between duplicates and singletons

From: Duplicated genes evolve slower than singletons despite the initial rate increase

Comparisona

% differenceb

Duplicate – nc

Singleton – nc

P d

Human – Mouse (gamma)

47.11

10,753

2,517

4.2 × 10-50

Human – Mouse (dN/dS)

37.79

10,753

2,517

5.1 × 10-61

Drosophila – Anopheles (gamma)

26.37

4,902

2,233

4.8 × 10-50

S. cerevisiae – C. albicans (gamma)

25.68

1,584

1,845

8.8 × 10-46

E. coli – Y. pestis (gamma)

5.11

1,110

1,235

0.17

B. subtilis – B. halodurans (gamma)

4.41

1,021

1,081

0.10

P. horikoshii – P. furiosis (gamma)

13.38

574

872

0.02

  1. a Species comparison used to calculate evolutionary distances. Gamma distances are the number of amino acid substitutions per site. dN/dS is the ratio of non-synonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) nucleotide CDS substitutions. b Percent difference is calculated by taking the absolute value of difference between duplicate and singleton distances and dividing by the average distance for all genes c Numbers of orthologous gene pairs compared to calculate average distances for duplicate and singleton genes d P-value for the t-test comparing duplicate and singleton distance averages