From: A molecular timescale of eukaryote evolution and the rise of complex multicellular life
Nodea | Comparison | Proteinsb | Amino acids (MG) | Divergence time estimates (Ma) from different methodsc | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Total | MG | SG |  | MGGLS | MGLLS | SGGLS | SGLLS | SGLDT | SGLPL | Summary |
5 | Arthropoda vs. Vertebrata | 151 | 120 | 82 | 49,644 | 1,070 ± 101 | 964 ± 132 | 942 ± 101 | 908 ± 132 | 975 ± 86 | 994 ± 21 | 976 ± 97 (786–1166) |
6 | Cnidaria vs. Bilateria | 26 | 19 | 17 | 6,790 | 1,288 ± 71 | 1,136 ± 76 | 1,314 ± 71 | 1,243 ± 76 | 1,339 ± 210 | 1,468 ± 74 | 1,298 ± 74 (1153–1443) |
7 | Porifera vs. Eumetazoa | 22 | 19 | 17 | 7,090 | 1,382 ± 151 | 1,282 ± 122 | 1,341 ± 151 | 1,285 ± 122 | 1,361 ± 211 | 1,457 ± 54 | 1,351 ± 120 (1116–1586) |
9 | Pyrenomycetes vs Plectomycetes | 29 | 18 | 12 | 8,952 | 591 ± 75 | 559 ± 67 | 435 ± 75 | 564 ± 67 | 654 ± 62 | 500 ± 19 | 551 ± 61 (431–671) |
10 | Candida vs. Saccharomyces | 29 | 21 | 18 | 8,918 | 718 ± 108 | 714 ± 95 | 834 ± 108 | 743 ± 95 | 725 ± 65 | 604 ± 14 | 723 ± 84 (558–888) |
11 | Hemiascomycetes vs. filamentous Ascomycota | 51 | 33 | 31 | 11,683 | 1,071 ± 125 | 1,031 ± 103 | 1,066 ± 125 | 981 ± 103 | 915 ± 54 | 826 ± 16 | 982 ± 94 (798–1166) |
12 | Archiascomycetes vs. other Ascomycota | 72 | 56 | 45 | 24,348 | 1,119 ± 83 | 956 ± 93 | 1,056 ± 83 | 994 ± 93 | 1,011 ± 37 | 920 ± 12 | 1,009 ± 73 (866–1152) |
13 | Basidiomycota vs. Ascomycota | 41 | 27 | 19 | 8,504 | 1,056 ± 165 | 1,021 ± 112 | 969 ± 165 | 927 ± 112 | 975 ± 48 | 862 ± 25 | 968 ± 116 (741–1195) |
14 | Mucorales/Blastocladiales vs. Basidiomycota/Ascomycota | 24 | 16 | 15 | 5,202 | 1,056 ± 61 | 1,022 ± 54 | 921 ± 61 | 901 ± 54 | 935 ± 50 | 845 ± 24 | 947 ± 51 (847–1047) |
15 | Fungi vs. animals | 188 | 92 | 69 | 31,362 | 1,594 ± 106 | 1,492 ± 46 | 1,511 ± 106 | 1,449 ± 46 | 1,435 ± 225 | 1,594 ± 24 | 1,513 ± 66 (1384–1642) |
17 | Mosses vs. vascular plants | 51 | 47 | 46 | 4,898 | 777 ± 103 | 702 ± 127 | 677 ± 103 | 638 ± 127 | 1,006 ± 62 | 742 ± 28 | 707 ± 98 (515–899) |
18 | Chlorophytan green algae vs. higher plants | 74 | 63 | 58 | 14,333 | 1,055 ± 76 | 946 ± 145 | 921 ± 76 | 901 ± 145 | 1,138 ± 45 | 845 ± 22 | 968 ± 93 (786–1150) |
19 | Rhodophyta vs. Chlorophyta+Embryophyta | 50 | 46 | 43 | 8,673 | 1,465 ± 109 | 1,449 ± 71 | 1,507 ± 109 | 1,382 ± 71 | 1,445 ± 34 | 1,319 ± 27 | 1,428 ± 77 (1277–1579) |
20 | Plants vs. animals | 188 | 143 | 99 | 60,274 | 1,554 ± 67 | 1,524 ± 53 | 1,486 ± 67 | 1,502 ± 53 | 1,708 ± 283 | 1,878 ± 26 | 1,609 ± 60 (1491–1727) |
21 | Alveolates vs. plants+animals+fungi | 76 | 60 | 44 | 21,031 | 2,086 ± 83 | 1,807 ± 95 | 2,011 ± 83 | 1,903 ± 95 | 1,972 ± 49 | 2,057 ± 35 | 1,973 ± 78 (1820–2126) |
22 | Euglenozoans vs. plants+animals+fungi | 99 | 80 | 52 | 27,759 | 1,968 ± 56 | 1,887 ± 68 | 2,018 ± 56 | 1,863 ± 68 | 2,010 ± 61 | 2,020 ± 35 | 1,961 ± 57 (1849–2073) |
23 | Giardia vs. plants+animals+fungi | 45 | 32 | 28 | 11,251 | 2,276 ± 202 | 2,421 ± 258 | 2,424 ± 202 | 2,287 ± 258 | 2,153 ± 69 | 2,295 ± 51 | 2,309 ± 194 (1929–2689) |