Table 1 Results of numerical simulations Hypothetical repeatability of single trait unsigned asymmetry (R) and the coefficient of variation of DS (CV-DS) and instability (CV-DI) for simulated datasets were the distribution of DS followed a beta-distribution with different shapes (Fig.1). Results are means (SD) of 1000 samples of 10000 observations.
From: Modelling developmental instability as the joint action of noise and stability: a Bayesian approach
β1 | β2 | shape of β-distribution | CV-DS | CV-DI | R |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symmetrical distributions | |||||
1 | 1 | Uniform | 0.58 (0.004) | 0.58 (0.004) | 0.16 (0.008) |
2 | 2 | Symmetric around 0.5 | 0.45 (0.003) | 0.45 (0.003) | 0.10 (0.007) |
5 | 5 | Symmetric around 0.5 | 0.30 (0.002) | 0.30 (0.002) | 0.04 (0.008) |
10 | 10 | Symmetric around 0.5 | 0.14 (0.001) | 0.14 (0.001) | 0.01 (0.010) |
0.75 | 0.75 | Bimodal | 0.63 (0.004) | 0.63 (0.004) | 0.20 (0.006) |
0.5 | 0.5 | Bimodal | 0.71 (0.005) | 0.71 (0.005) | 0.25 (0.006) |
0.1 | 0.1 | Bimodal | 0.90 (0.008) | 0.90 (0.008) | 0.40 (0.004) |
0.05 | 0.05 | Bimodal | 1.03 (0.01) | 1.03 (0.008) | 0.41 (0.004) |
Skewed unimodal distributions | |||||
3 | 5 | Right skewed | 0.43 (0.003) | 0.26 (0.002) | 0.04 (0.010) |
2 | 5 | Right skewed | 0.56 (0.004) | 0.21 (0.002) | 0.02 (0.009) |
1 | 5 | Right skewed | 0.81 (0.005) | 0.17 (0.002) | 0.01 (0.009) |
1 | 10 | Right skewed | 0.93 (0.007) | 0.09 (0.007) | 0.00 (0.009) |
0.75 | 1 | Right skewed | 0.69 (0.005) | 0.52 (0.004) | 0.14 (0.007) |
0.5 | 1 | Right skewed | 0.89 (0.006) | 0.45 (0.004) | 0.12 (0.007) |
0.1 | 1 | Right skewed | 2.16 (0.02) | 0.22 (0.004) | 0.03 (0.008) |
0.05 | 1 | Right skewed | 3.13 (0.04) | 0.16 (0.003) | 0.02 (0.009) |
5 | 3 | Left skewed | 0.26 (0.002) | 0.43 (0.004) | 0.08 (0.009) |
5 | 2 | Left skewed | 0.22 (0.002) | 0.56 (0.004) | 0.13 (0.008) |
5 | 1 | Left skewed | 0.18 (0002) | 0.80 (0.005) | 0.22 (0.007) |
10 | 1 | Left skewed | 0.09 (0.001) | 0.91 (0.007) | 0.26 (0.007) |
1 | 0.75 | Left skewed | 0.52 (0.004) | 0.70 (0.005) | 0.22 (0.007) |
1 | 0.5 | Left skewed | 0.45 (0.004) | 0.90 (0.006) | 0.30 (0.006) |
1 | 0.1 | Left skewed | 0.22 (0.004) | 2.15 (0.02) | 0.55 (0.002) |
1 | 0.05 | Left skewed | 0.17 (0.004) | 2.85 (0.04) | 0.58 (0.002) |
Asymmetric bimodal distributions | |||||
0.5 | 0.75 | Right asymmetric | 0.82 (0.006) | 0.54 (0.005) | 0.17 (0.007) |
0.1 | 0.75 | Right asymmetric | 2.01 (0.021) | 0.27 (0.004) | 0.06 (0.008) |
0.05 | 0.75 | Right asymmetric | 2.89 (0.037) | 0.19 (0.004) | 0.03 (0.009) |
0.1 | 0.5 | Right asymmetric | 1.77 (0.017) | 0.35 (0.005) | 0.10 (0.008) |
0.75 | 0.5 | Left asymmetric | 0.55 (0.005) | 0.82 (0.006) | 0.28 (0.006) |
0.75 | 0.1 | Left asymmetric | 0.28 (0.004) | 2.00 (0.019) | 0.54 (0.002) |
0.75 | 0.05 | Left asymmetric | 0.19 (0.004) | 2.86 (0.041) | 0.58 (0.001) |
0.5 | 0.1 | Left asymmetric | 0.35 (0.005) | 1.75 (0.018) | 0.51 (0.001) |