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Figure 3 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Figure 3

From: Phylogeographic pattern of Rhizophora (Rhizophoraceae) reveals the importance of both vicariance and long-distance oceanic dispersal to modern mangrove distribution

Figure 3

Divergence time and dispersal routes of Rhizophora lineages. (A) Chronogram of Rhizophora based on BEAST analyses of the combined chloroplast and ITS data. White bars indicate confidence interval of the estimated time of divergence of the respective nodes. Pie charts indicate the probable ancestral areas based on Lagrange (black and white) and Mesquite (color) analyses for the clade of interest. Relative probability and proportional likelihood values of ancestral distribution are presented in Additional file 3: Table S3. We presented only piechart for nodes where a variant or dispersal event was detected to identify the possible direction of the dispersal events based on the ancestral area inference. Arrows on branches as D1-D5 indicate potential dispersal events in the map below (see Results for details). (B) Map showing the sampling sites of Rhizophora in the Indo-West and Atlantic-East Pacific included in the present study (Table 1). The map image was prepared using MicroCAM v2.05 [21]. Distribution range of each species can be referred to Figure 1. Color label indicates the nine distribution areas defined according to past and present separation of major landmasses.

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