From: Dating the diversification of the major lineages of Passeriformes (Aves)
 | A: Present study | B: Present study | C: Pereira & Baker (2006) | D: Barker et al. (2004) | E: Barker et al. (2004) | F: Ericson et al. (2002) | ||||||
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Time (mya) | CI | Time (mya) | CI | Time (mya) | CI | Time (mya) | CI | Time (mya) | CI | Time (mya) | CI | |
Split Suboscines vs. Oscines (node 2) | 72.1 (71.4) | 84 – 58 | 89.0 (88.6) | 123 – 49 | 91.8 | 103 – 81 | 77.4 | 81 – 73 | 76.8 | 80 – 72 | 71.0 | 79 – 62 |
Split OW vs. NW Suboscines (node 35) | 64.2 (63.6) | 77 – 50 | 79.2 (78.8) | 110 – 44 | – | – | 70.5 | 78 – 65 | 68.8 | 73 – 61 | 70.5 | 78 – 65 |
Oscines (node 3) | 59.8 (59.4) | 71 – 46 | 73.6 (73.5) | 104 – 41 | – | – | 64.7 | 70 – 60 | 63.1 | 67 – 57 | 64.7 | 70 – 60 |
Core Corvoidea (node 24) | 37.4 (37.4) | 47 – 28 | 45.3 (45.8) | 65 – 25 | – | – | 40.4 | 45 – 35 | 38.6 | 42 – 32 | 40.4 | 45 – 35 |
Eupasseri (node 9) | 43.7 (43.5) | 53 – 33 | 53.6 (53.5) | 74 – 30 | – | – | 40.7 | 54 – 15 | 40.8 | 49 – 36 | 40.7 | 54 – 15 |
DNA data | Seven nuclear genes (7,204 bp) | Seven nuclear genes (7,204 bp) | Complete mtDNA | Two nuclear genes (4,126 bp) | Two nuclear genes (4,126 bp) | Two nuclear genes (1,407 bp) | ||||||
Calibration(s) | Five passerine fossils and one vicariance event, split between New Zealand and Antarctica (85–52 mya), | Five passerine fossils and essentially no time-constraint for New Zealand and Antarctica vicariance event (4,000–20 Mya) | Thirteen fossils, of which five avian (no passerine) | One vicariance event, split between New Zealand and Antarctica (82 mya) | One vicariance event, split between New Zealand and Antarctica (82 mya) | One vicariance event, split between New Zealand and Antarctica (82 mya) | ||||||
Dating method (program) | IGR relaxed clock, Bayesian inference (MrBayes 3.2) | IGR relaxed clock, Bayesian inference (MrBayes 3.2) | Bayesian rate autocorrelation (Multidivtime) | Penalized likelihood (r8s) | Nonparametric rate smoothing (r8s) | Local rates method (Rhino) |