Living on the edge: reconstructing the genetic history of the Finnish wolf population

Jansson, Eeva; Harmoinen, Jenni; Ruokonen, Minna; Aspi, Jouni

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-64

BMC Ecology and Evolution

Table 4 M -ratio simulations for the temporal groups

From: Living on the edge: reconstructing the genetic history of the Finnish wolf population

Table a) shows the proportion of simulated equilibrium populations with smaller than observed M- ratio
a)	Before 1920, N = 12, M = 0.794				1960 - 1979, *N =* 22, M = 0.910
	Θ				Θ
pg	0.04	0.08	0.2	0.4	0.04	0.08	0.2	0.4
0.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.002
0.05	0	0	0	0	0.030	0.039	0.059	0.112
0.1	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.005	0.149	0.166	0.224	0.342
0.2	0.025	0.035	0.049	0.088	0.510	0.552	0.642	0.754
0.3	0.147	0.166	0.217	0.327	0.803	0.832	0.889	0.944
	1980 - 1993, *N =* 18, M = 0.856				1995-2009, N = 30 , M = 0.869
0.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0.05	0.002	0.001	0.004	0.009	0.003	0.004	0.008	0.016
0.1	0.021	0.025	0.040	0.071	0.032	0.037	0.064	0.104
0.2	0.182	0.199	0.264	0.380	0.243	0.255	0.331	0.468
0.3	0.487	0.587	0.597	0.719	0.561	0.594	0.688	0.782
Table b) shows the corresponding Mc -values (limit for 5% of simulations with lowest M -ratio)
b)	Before 1920, N = 12, M = 0.794				1960 - 1979, *N =* 22, M = 0.910
	Θ				Θ
pg	0.04	0.08	0.2	0.4	0.04	0.08	0.2	0.4
0.0	0.978	0.978	0.956	0.940	0.978	0.978	0.960	0.948
0.05	0.919	0.914	0.901	0.887	0.921	0.916	0.904	0.892
0.1	0.878	0.875	0.862	0.846	0.881	0.876	0.863	0.848
0.2	0.813	0.807	0.794	0.774	0.812	0.809	0.797	0.780
0.3	0.752	0.752	0.736	0.719	0.755	0.749	0.737	0.717
	1980 - 1993, *N =* 18, M = 0.856				1995-2009, N = 30 , M = 0.869
0.0	0.978	0.978	0.957	0.944	0.978	0.978	0.961	0.951
0.05	0.919	0.913	0.904	0.890	0.919	0.916	0.906	0.894
0.1	0.878	0.877	0.862	0.848	0.880	0.877	0.866	0.850
0.2	0.812	0.806	0.795	0.778	0.812	0.811	0.795	0.778
0.3	0.756	0.752	0.740	0.721	0.756	0.750	0.739	0.720

Used constant values for simulations: μ = 2 × 10^-4 and δ_g = 3.1. Significant MC-values in Table b) are bolded. Sample from 1920–1959 was not tested owing to small sample size.
N = number of samples, M = average M-ratio over all loci, Θ = 4Neμ, pg = proportion of not single-step mutations and δg = mean step size.

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ISSN: 2730-7182

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