Figure 4

Summary of gene expansions and losses of type-3 copper protein subclasses. The phylogenetic relationships between the species under study are shown. The ancestral form (α-subclass, red colour code) arose early in the evolution of life. The β-subclass (green colour code) emerged before the divergence of unikont lineages. Finally, a γ-subclass (blue colour code) emerged as a second duplication of the α-subclass ancestor prior to metazoan diversification. Coloured crosses denote cases for which losses of particular subclasses have occurred in specific lineages. Gene expansions are indicated by coloured dots for each lineage. Species are labelled according to colour code shown in Figure 2.