From: Functional basis of ecological divergence in sympatric stickleback
Functional system | Landmarks (Figure 2) | W (rank-sum test) | Mean ± SE, Limnetic 1 | Mean ± SE, Benthic 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
  Suction Index | 1,2,3,4,5,6 | 523*** | 0.010 ± 0.001 | 0.017 ± 0.001 |
  Disp. adv., jaw opening | 2,8,9 | 13*** | 5.96 ± 0.01 | 4.82 ± 0.01 |
  Opercular four-bar KT | 8,9,10,11 | 98*** | 5.75 ± 0.13 | 5.15 ± 0.13 |
  Jaw protrusion | 1,7 | 99*** | 1.76 ± 0.07 mm | 1.48 ± 0.07 mm |
Morphological component traits | Landmarks (Figure 2 ) | W (rank-sum test) | Mean ± SE, Limnetic 1 | Mean ± SE, Benthic 1 |
Suction Index: | ||||
  Gape | 1,2 | 343 | 5.15 ± 0.13 mm | 5.33 ± 0.13 mm |
  Buccal length | 1,6 | 204 | 15.05 ± 0.21 mm | 14.66 ± 0.21 mm |
  Neurocranium outlever | 1,3 | 292 | 16.55 ± 0.20 mm | 16.47 ± 0.20 mm |
  Epaxial height | 3,4 | 493*** | 1.95 ± 0.08 mm | 2.35 ± 0.08 mm |
  Epaxial width | 3, 5 | 572*** | 5.46 ± 0.09 mm | 6.38 ± 0.09 mm |
Disp. adv., jaw opening: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Jaw opening outlever | 2,8 | 248 | 5.60 ± 0.11 mm | 5.54 ± 0.11 mm |
  Jaw opening inlever2 | 8,9 | 568*** | 0.94 ± 0.02 mm | 1.15 ± 0.02 mm |
Opercular four-bar: | ||||
  Coupler link | 9,11 | 262 | 6.83 ± 0.10 mm | 6.86 ± 0.10 mm |
  Fixed link | 8,10 | 231 | 9.56 ± 0.12 mm | 9.44 ± 0.12 mm |
  Input link | 10,11 | 512 *** | 5.27 ± 0.08 mm | 5.71 ± 0.08 mm |
  Output link2 | 8,9 | 568 *** | 0.94 ± 0.02 mm | 1.15 ± 0.02 mm |