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Table 1 Summary of previous molecular divergence estimates

From: Integration of molecules and new fossils supports a Triassic origin for Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes, and tuatara)

Analysis Material No. of squamate taxa Dating software and/or method Age crown Lepidosauria Age crown Squamata
Albert et al. [38] mtDNA (13 genes) 27 r8s, Penalized Likelihood 289±5 281
Albert et al. [38] mtDNA (13 genes) 27 “Multidivtime”, Bayesian autocorrelated clock 272±20 259
Alfaro et al. [3] nDNA: RAG-1 35 BEAST, Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal clock 246 (208-275) mid TR - mid JU
Gorr et al. [40] α haemoglobin chains 3 | 6 Strict clock (least-squares regression) 233 n/a
Gorr et al. [40] β haemoglobin chains 9 Strict clock (least-squares regression) 226 ~194
Hipsley et al. [42] mtDNA and nDNA (5 genes) 40 1 TreeTime, Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal clock 238±10 n/a
Hugall et al. [36] nDNA: RAG-1 36 r8s, Penalized Likelihood 250-268±12 2 171-190* ±14
Hugall et al. [36] nDNA: RAG-1, translated 36 r8s, Penalized Likelihood 261-275±17 2 184-201* ±19
Janke et al. [48] mtDNA 2 Strict clock (after pruning of taxa) n/a 294 3
Kumar and Hedges [35] Amino acid sequences (5 genes) ? Strict clock (after pruning of heterogeneous sequences) 276±54.4 n/a
Kumazawa [37] mtDNA 24 “Multidivtime”, Bayesian autocorrelated clock ~260-290 ~215-255
Mulcahy et al. [43] mtDNA and nDNA (RAG-1) 64 BEAST, Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal clock ~233 (223-243) 180 (160-198)
Mulcahy et al. [43] mtDNA and nDNA (RAG-1) 64 r8s, Penalized Likelihood ~275 (na) 191.8 (186-194)
Okajima & Kumazawa [49] mtDNA 22 “Multidivtime”, Bayesian autocorrelated clock n/a 240 (220-260)
Pyron [39] nDNA: RAG-1 4 44 BEAST, Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal clock 236 (212-253) 189 (163-213)
Pyron [39] nDNA: RAG-1 5 44 BEAST, Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal clock 265 (240-290) 208 (179-234)
Shen et al. [50] mtDNA and nDNA 5 “Multidivtime”, Bayesian autocorrelated clock n/a 205 (180-228)
Vidal and Hedges [51] nDNA: C-mos, RAG-1 19 “Multidivtime”, Bayesian autocorrelated clock < 251 240 (221-251)
Wiens et al. [41] nDNA: RAG-1 6 261 7 r8s, Penalized Likelihood 227 8 179 ±5.5
  1. Annotations: 1 focused on lacertids, 2 range of four different estimates provided by varying the number of calibration points, 3Sphenodon was not included amongst the taxa therefore the estimate better corresponds to one for Lepidosauromorpha, 4 four fossil calibrations from Müller and Reisz [52], 5 five fossil calibrations from Hugall et al. [36], 6 supertree approach, 7 focused on taxa with a snake-like bodyform, 8 used as fixed calibration point. Abbreviations: JU Jurassic, TR Triassic.
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BMC Ecology and Evolution

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