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Figure 4 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Figure 4

From: Invertebrate and avian predators as drivers of chemical defensive strategies in tenthredinid sawflies

Figure 4

Part of the phylogenetic tree of tenthredinids with estimated levels of traits linked to easy bleeding, and plot of independent contrasts extracted from a phylogeny that includes only species with no missing data. The tree in (A) was obtained by pruning the BEAST MCC tree in Figure 3, plots on the right-hand side of the tree show levels of integument resistance and hemolymph deterrence estimated for the included species ([40, 41] and U. Schaffner, unpublished data). Species excluded from the independent contrasts test due to missing data are denoted by gray terminal branches and parenthesized names. The scatterplot in (B) shows standardized contrasts for 21 nodes on the tree that include only species that have estimates for both traits, as well as the regression line forced through the origin.

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