Figure 14
From: Life cycle evolution: was the eumetazoan ancestor a holopelagic, planktotrophic gastraea?
Occurrence of life cycle types in the Eumetazoa (Neuralia). Clades with planktotrophic (blue) and lecithotrophic/direct development (red) in major eumetazoan (neuralian) clades; blue/red clades indicate lineages of both types. The characteristic larval types, gastrula, trochophora and dipleurula are indicated. The ancestors of Eumetazoa (gastraea) and Protostomia (trochaea) are indicated, but the ancestors of Bilateria and Deuterostomia have not been envisaged.