Figure 3
From: Sexual dimorphism dominates divergent host plant use in stick insect trophic morphology
Morphological uniqueness (MU) assessed for T. cristinae lingual and occlusial mandibles using all 18 relative warps (RWs) supported by 1000 resampling permutations. Panels show 80% confidence bubbles outlining morphospace occupied by different A) sexes B) host plant ecotypes and C) rearing conditions for the lingual mandible along the first three RWs accounting for 57% of overall shape variation. Panels D-F show the same as A-B but for the occlusial mandible whose first 3 RWs account for 56% of the shape variation. Deformation grids next to RWs in panel A and F show general shape change trends along each. FLD = field LAB = Laboratory A = Adenostoma and C = Ceanothus; §-Mean MU calculated from all pairwise comparisons; *** = P < 0.001, ** = P < 0.01, and * = P < 0.05.