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Table 1 Estimates of branch length for sister clades of parasitic (P) and autotrophic (non-parasitic, NP) plants for nuclear and mitochondrial sequences

From: Parasitic plants have increased rates of molecular evolution across all three genomes

Comparison

Parasitic (P)

Non-parasite (NP)

Nuclear

Mitchondrial (all substitutions)

Mitchondrial (dN)

Mitchondrial (dS)

Mitchondrial (dN/dS)

P

NP

Sign

P

NP

Sign

P

NP

Sign

P

NP

Sign

P

NP

Sign

1

Apodanthaceae

Malvaceae

0.513

0.072

+

0.380

0.037

+

0.466

0.055

+

0.739

0.024

+

0.628

1.287

–

2

Cytinaceae

Thymelaeaceae

0.121

0.028

+

0.070

0.035

+

0.077

0.032

+

0.094

0.043

+

0.960

0.742

+

3

Rafflesiaceae

Passifloraceae/ Euphorbiaceae

1.093

0.052

+

0.631

0.141

+

0.577

0.114

+

0.660

0.241

+

0.726

0.520

+

4

Cynomoriaceae

Hamamelidacea/ Peridiscaceae

0.087

0.012

+

0.030

0.011

+

0.017

0.007

+

0.060

0.024

+

0.276

0.282

–

5

Krameriaceae

Zygophyllaceae

0.019

0.025

–

0.015

0.011

+

0.012

0.007

+

0.023

0.025

–

0.529

0.289

+

6

Mitrastemonaceae

Vaccinieae

0.075

0.013

+

0.026

0.017

+

0.021

0.005

+

0.039

0.048

–

0.529

0.108

+

7

Boraginaceae

Boraginaceae

0.036

0.028

+

0.029

0.020

+

0.020

0.013

+

0.049

0.044

+

0.389

0.343

+

8

Orobanchaceae/ Rhinantheae

Lamiliales/ Plantaginaceae

0.042

0.043

–

0.007

0.022

–

0.002

0.006

–

0.023

0.072

–

0.133

0.054

+

9

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoeeae

0.080

0.016

+

0.061

0.021

+

0.052

0.008

+

0.096

0.054

+

0.562

0.249

+

10

Lauraceae

Lauraceae

0.323

0.230

+

0.012

0.005

+

0.010

0.004

+

0.018

0.008

+

0.540

0.530

+

11

Hydnoraceae

Aristolochiaceae

0.296

0.057

+

0.152

0.042

+

0.072

0.014

+

0.152

0.042

+

0.418

0.330

+

12

Balanophoraceae/Loranthceae/ Schoepfiaceae/ Olacaceae

Olacaceae

0.384

0.120

+

0.131

0.014

+

0.101

0.005

+

0.180

0.040

+

0.493

0.773

–

aWilcoxon signed-ranks test

Z = 2.786, p = 0.005

Z = 2.628, p = 0.009

Z = 2.942, p = 0.003

Z = 2.157, p = 0.031

Z = 1.294, p = 0.196

  1. For details of the species and sequences included in each comparisons see Additional file 1: Table S1 and Additional file 2: Table S2. Mitochondrial branch lengths were estimated for the whole alignment (all substitutions), as well as nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous substitutions (dS): see methods for details. Sign indicates whether the parasite has the longer branch length (+) or not (−). The Wilcoxon ranked signs test takes into account the magnitude of differences in branch length as well as the sign.